Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly prescribed for depression and various anxiety disorders. It helps improve mood and emotional balance by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.
Mechanism of Action
Citalopram works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, into presynaptic neurons. This increases the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, enhancing its mood-regulating effects and alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Uses
- Depression: Citalopram is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, helping to improve mood, energy levels, and overall well-being.
- Anxiety Disorders: It is also effective in treating various anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
Side Effects
Common side effects of citalopram include:
- Nausea: Some patients experience nausea, especially when starting the medication.
- Drowsiness: Citalopram can cause drowsiness or fatigue.
- Sexual Dysfunction: It may lead to decreased libido, delayed ejaculation, or anorgasmia.
Precautions
To use citalopram safely, consider these precautions:
- Monitor Mental Health: Patients, especially young adults, should be monitored for worsening depression or suicidal thoughts, particularly at the beginning of treatment or when the dose is changed.
- Avoid Abrupt Discontinuation: Gradually taper off the medication under medical supervision to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
- Be Aware of Serotonin Syndrome: Although rare, serotonin syndrome is a potential risk. Symptoms include agitation, hallucinations, rapid heart rate, and increased body temperature.