Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeat, such as atrial fibrillation.
Mechanism of Action
Digoxin works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in cardiac cells. This enhances cardiac contractility (positive inotropic effect) and controls heart rate by affecting the conduction system of the heart.
Uses
- Heart Failure: Digoxin improves the strength and efficiency of heart contractions, which helps in managing heart failure.
- Atrial Fibrillation: It helps control the heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
Side Effects
Common side effects of digoxin include:
- Nausea: Gastrointestinal upset is common.
- Visual Disturbances: Some patients may experience blurred or yellow vision.
- Arrhythmias: There is a risk of causing abnormal heart rhythms.
Precautions
To use digoxin safely, consider these precautions:
- Narrow Therapeutic Window: Digoxin requires regular monitoring of blood levels to avoid toxicity.
- Monitor for Signs of Toxicity: Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, confusion, and vision changes should be reported promptly.
- Check Electrolytes: Maintain proper electrolyte balance, especially potassium, as imbalances can increase the risk of toxicity.