Metformin

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It helps control blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

Mechanism of Action

Metformin works by reducing glucose production in the liver, increasing insulin sensitivity, and enhancing glucose uptake by muscles. This helps lower blood sugar levels and improve overall glycemic control.

Uses

  1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Metformin is used to manage blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, helping to prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease.

Side Effects

Common side effects of metformin include:

  • Gastrointestinal Upset: Nausea, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort are common, especially at the start of treatment.
  • Lactic Acidosis (Rare): Although rare, metformin can cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis, characterized by muscle pain, difficulty breathing, and abdominal pain.

Precautions

To use metformin safely, consider these precautions:

  • Monitor Kidney Function: Regular kidney function tests are necessary, as metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe kidney impairment.
  • Avoid Excessive Alcohol: Alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, so it should be consumed in moderation.
  • Take with Food: Taking metformin with meals can help minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

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