Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. It helps reduce the workload on the heart and lower blood pressure.
Mechanism of Action
Metoprolol works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, which reduces the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. This action slows the heart rate and decreases the force of heart contractions, lowering blood pressure and reducing the heart’s oxygen demand.
Uses
- Hypertension: Metoprolol is effective in lowering high blood pressure, helping to prevent complications such as heart attack and stroke.
- Angina: It helps reduce chest pain and improve exercise tolerance in patients with angina.
- Heart Failure: Metoprolol is used to manage heart failure by improving heart function and reducing symptoms.
Side Effects
Common side effects of metoprolol include:
- Fatigue: Some patients experience tiredness and reduced energy levels.
- Dizziness: Dizziness or lightheadedness can occur, especially when standing up quickly.
- Low Heart Rate: Metoprolol can cause bradycardia (a slow heart rate).
Precautions
To use metoprolol safely, consider these precautions:
- Avoid Abrupt Discontinuation: Gradually taper off under medical supervision to avoid withdrawal symptoms and a sudden increase in blood pressure.
- Monitor Heart Rate: Regularly check heart rate to ensure it is within the target range.
- Be Aware of Drug Interactions: Metoprolol can interact with other medications, so inform healthcare providers about all current medications.